Lithium-ion batteries can be found in almost all electronic devices today - from smartphones and e-bikes to electric vehicles. But what happens if a battery catches fire?
A battery fire is very different from conventional fires and poses a great danger. Normal extinguishing methods such as water or conventional Fire blankets are often ineffective here. It is therefore important to know how to behave correctly and which protective measures really help.
In this article you will learn:
- What causes battery fires
- How to act quickly and correctly in an emergency
- Why fire blankets are an important protective measure
Table of contents
How does a battery fire occur?
A lithium-ion battery fire is caused by a chemical reaction inside the battery. This can be triggered by various factors:
- Mechanical damage - A fall or impact can destroy the cell structure of the battery.
- Overheating - Excessively high temperatures, for example due to direct sunlight or a defective cooling system, can lead to ignition.
- Short circuit - If the insulation inside the battery is damaged, cells can come into contact and trigger a chain reaction.
- Overcharging or deep discharging - Incorrect charging can jeopardize the chemical stability of the battery.
The biggest problem is that a burning battery generates its own source of oxygen, which means that conventional extinguishing methods are often inadequate.
First aid for battery fires: Step-by-step instructions
1. keep calm and secure your surroundings
As soon as you notice that a battery is overheating, smoking or has already caught fire, it is important to act quickly but prudently.
- Remove yourself and other persons from the danger zone.
- Take the burning appliance outside as far as possible to prevent the flames from spreading.
- Make sure that there are no flammable objects in the vicinity.
Caution: If the battery has already exploded or caught fire, it is safer to move away and call the fire department.
2. do not use water!
Many people's reflex reaction to fires is to use water - but this is often ineffective in the case of battery fires.
- Why? Lithium-ion batteries contain metals that react with water and can trigger further chemical reactions.
- Water can also disperse the toxic gases produced and make the situation worse.
3. contain the battery with special extinguishing agents
Normal Fire blankets or foam fire extinguishers are often ineffective on battery fires.fire blankets should be used instead : They are heat-resistant up to 1,750 °C and prevent the spread of fire. Especially for households with many battery-powered devices, a fire blanket is a sensible protective measure.
4. alert the fire department
If the fire is larger or cannot be contained, call the fire department immediately.
- Clearly state the cause of the fire ("Lithium-ion battery on fire").
- If the appliance can be transported, take it outside, but not near buildings or vehicles.
- Stay at a safe distance and avoid inhaling the smoke.
Why fire blankets are an effective protective measure
Conventional Fire blankets cannot stop battery fires as they only cut off the oxygen supply - but battery fires generate their own oxygen. That's why special fire blankets are the best choice for containing battery fires.
Advantages of fire blankets:
- Heat-resistant up to 1,750 °C - normal Fire blankets only withstand up to 500 °C.
- Prevent the spread of fire by containing the fire.
- Reduce smoke and gas development to protect the environment.
- Can be used flexibly for battery fires on e-bikes, tools, laptops and other devices.
For private households Fire blankets for e-bikes are a sensible solution to protect against battery fires.
How can battery fires be prevented?
Even though battery fires are dangerous, there are some simple measures you can take to minimize the risk:
- Only use original chargers: Cheap or incorrect chargers can lead to overcharging and overheating.
- Do not charge unattended: A battery should never be charged overnight or without supervision.
- Store batteries in a cool and dry place: High temperatures or humid environments can damage the battery cells.
- Dispose of damaged rechargeable batteries: If a rechargeable battery has become inflated or damaged, it should no longer be used.
- have afire blanket ready: Households with several e-bikes or devices with lithium-ion batteries in particular should take precautions.
For scientifically sound recommendations on battery safety, the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) provides further information.
Conclusion: acting quickly and correctly can save lives
A battery fire develops quickly and can become dangerous. Water or conventional Fire blankets often do not help here - instead, you should take specific measures to protect yourself and others.
- Immediately secure the danger zone and move the battery outdoors if necessary
- Do not use water, but a fire blanket use
- Alert the fire department if the fire cannot be controlled
- Take preventive measures to minimize the risk of battery fires
With these first aid measures, you are prepared for an emergency and can react quickly and effectively if a battery fire occurs.
Learn more
Further information on fire protection and the right choice of a fire blanket can be found here:
